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                  [Note:  All Basque words are in Italics and Bold-faced Green]

 

GREEK LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT *

 

A review derived from the following:

 

Nyland, Edo.  2001.  Linguistic Archaeology: An
Introduction.   Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada.

ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p.

 

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----Please CLICK on underlined categories for detail [to search for Subject Matter, depress Ctrl/F ]:


Introduction

 

          An ancient language form that originated in the western African area of our most ancient civilizations was studied by Nyland (2001).  He found that many words used to describe names of places and things in the Greek language were closely related to an ancient language, which he termed Saharan. and which later was predated by the Igbo Language of West Africa.  Fortuitously, the Basque Language is a close relative to the original Saharan.  Following is a discussion of this relationship:

 

          In a discussion on Scottish Ogam, Nyland (2001) explained how various inscriptions were agglutinated from the first syllables of Basque words. It was clear that people very knowledgeable of Basque did this. Almost exactly the same process can be detected in most Greek words. It appears that the main instruction given to the linguists, who made up the Greek vocabulary, was that the substratum Basque word should not be recognizable in the newly created words. These Greek words were to be composed of a severely abbreviated description or definition in the Basque Language. Almost every consonant in the Greek words represents one complete word in the Basque dictionary. However, different from the Romance languages, the first syllable of Greek words is taken from both halves of the Basque vocabulary.

 

CV1 - V1CV2 - V2CV3 - V3CV4 - V4C etc. (see VCV Formula)

 

          The translation of the Greek word Aakrostichon reveals this linguistic effort. Every Basque word is shown here in italics. The "f" and "v" in Greek, generally stand for "b" in Basque.

 

          First a few well-known names (Basque words in italics and bold-faced green letters):

 

Hellas (Greece) he - el. - .la - as.

he - ele - ela - asi
herri - eleizako - ela - asiera
nation - sacred - story/legend - origin
"Our nation's sacred legends (tell) our origin"

 

Greece (grique, griek, grike).g. - .ri - ike (a Latin name):

 

iga - ari - ike
igaro - arritzeko - ikertaldi
to travel - fantastic - visit
"Travel there for a fantastic visit"

 

Homer, ho - ome - er.

hoberen - omentsu - erakutsi
the best - honorable - to teach
"The best of the honorable teachers" 

 

Plato(n), .p. - .la - ato - on.

ope - ela - ato - onu
opetsi - ela - atondu - onutski
to offer - words - to prepare - perfectly
"I offer perfectly prepared words"

 

Odysseus odi - is. - .se - us.

odei - ise - ese - uste
odeiertz - iseka egin - ezezagun - ustekabe
horizon - to joke about - unknown - unforeseen
"He jokes about the unforseen unknown (beyond) the horizon"

 

Cassandra .kas - andr. - a

akas - andre - a
akasgabeko - andre - a
flawless/perfect - woman - the
"The perfect woman"

 

Knossos .k.-.no-os.-.so - os.

eka - ano - osa - aso - ose
ekarri - ano - osakor - azoka - ozen
to provide - food supplies - healthy - open air market - noisy
"The noisy open-air market provides us with healthy food supplies"

 

Parthenon .pa - art. - .he - eno - on.

apa - arte - ehe - eni - onu
aparta - artelan - ee - eni - onuts
special - work of art - to call attention - to me - perfect
"To me this special work of art draws attention (to its) perfection"

 

Mycena / Mukaenai .mu - uka - ena - a.i

amu - uka - ena - ahi
amultsukeria - ukan - ena - ahiniztasun
excessive affection - possessions - (superlative) rich - large quantities
"Excessive affection for large quantities of rich possessions"

 

Iraklion ira - ak. - .li - on.

ira - aki - ili - one
iraun - akidura - ilinti - oneraegin
to suffer - exhaustion - firebrands - to recover
"We recovered from the suffering and exhaustion (caused by) firebrands"

 

 

And Some Randomly Chosen Words from the Greek Dictionary:

 

agathon (beauty) aga - at. - .ho - on.

aga - ato - oho - ono
-aga - atondu - ohore eman - onon
abundance - ornamentation/makeup - to glorify - wonderful
"An abundance of make-up glorifies wonderfully"

 

agroktima (farm) ag. - .ro - ok. - .ti - ima

aga - aro - oki - iti - ima
aga - arrotsu - okitu - itxi - imatz
abundance - proud - completely - to enclose/store - wicker shelter
"Proud that the abundance is completely stored in the shelter"

 

akhortagos (greedy) ak. - .ho - or. - .ta - ago - os.

ako - oho - ora - ata - ago - oso
akorduan euki - ohoin - orraztu - ataldu - agorrune - oso
to remember - thief - to rob - to take advantage - scarcity - total
"Remember the thief who robbed and took advantage of the total scarcity"

 

akrostichon (acrostic) ak. - .ro - os.- .ti - ik. - .ho - on.

aka - aro - osa - ati - ika - aho - one
akabu - aroztegi - osagai - atxiki - ikaskizun - ahohizkuntza - oneratu
perfect-forge-component -agglutinate-lesson to be learned-spoken language-to improve
"Forging perfectly agglutinated components to improve the spoken language is the lesson to be learned"

 

alogo (horse) alo - >go

alor - goldatu
farmer - to plow
"The farmer is plowing"

 

bakaliko (food store) ba - aka - ali - iko

banakatzaile - akatsbako - alik - -iko
distributor - excellent - possible - that
"It is possible that the excellent distributor (has it)"

 

eklisia (church) ek. - .li - isi - i.a

eka - ali - isi - iha
ekarri - alik - isilka - iharduki
to come - possible - in a low voice - to talk
"Come if possible and talk in a low voice"

 

elatoma (fault) ela - ato - oma

elaberritu - atondu - oma
to tell - come - grandma
"Come, I=ll tell grandma"

 

ema (blood) ema

emalege
"menstruation"

 

epivatis (passenger) epi - iva - ati - is.

epi - iba - ati - isu
epiza - ibaiontzi - atxiki - isurbide
short of time - ferry - to catch - canal
"You are short of time to catch the ferry across the canal"

 

ethafos (ground) et. - .ha - afo - os.

eta - aha - abo - osto
-eta - ahaskeria - aboskatu - ostolaza
abundance - dirt/soil - to declare - grassland
"They declared the abundance of soil in the grassland (their own)"

 

falakros (bald) fa - ala - ak. - .ro - os.

fa - ala - ako - oro - osa
farre egin - alabearreko - akordoizko - oroz - osaezin
to poke fun of - unavoidable - traditional/normal - totally - incurable
"Poking fun of the unavoidable, normal and totally incurable"

 

flidzani (cup) f. - .li - id. - .za - ani

fe - eli - idu - uza - ani
festa - elikadura - iduki - usaingozo - anitz
feast - nutrition - to have - aroma - much
"To have pleasing nutrition with much aroma"

 

fonazo (call) .fo - ona - azo

abo - ona - azo
aboskatu - onaldi - azokalari
to shout out - prosperity/sales pitch - merchant
"The merchant shouts out his sales pitch"

 

friktos (horrible) f. - .ri - ik. - .to - os.

fa - ari - ika - ato - os
fanatiko - arimagalduko - ikararazi - ator - ospa egin
fanatic - ruthless - to terrorize - come! - to escape
"The ruthless fanatics are terrorizing. Come, let=s escape!"

 

glendi (party) gale - endi

gale bizia - endikoi
strong desire - sociable
"Strong desire to be sociable"

 

kakos (bad) ka - ako - os.

kaldar - akordiozko - osasungaitz
thief - habitual - incurable
"He is a habitual and incurable thief"

 

kalathi (basket) ka - ala - at. - .hi

kaiola - alabeharreko - atxiki - ihi
cage/container - necessary - to grab/collect - rushes
"Container made out of rushes, necessary to collect"

 

kalispera (good day) ka - ali - is. - .pe - era

ka - ali - ise - epe - era
kanpoan - alik - iseka egin - epel - errainuketa
outside - to rejoice - warm - sunlight
"Outside one rejoices in the warm sunlight"

 

kalos (good) ka - alo - os.

ka - alo - oso
kargu hartu - aloger - osoro
to be responsible for - wages - total
"He is totally responsible for the wages"

 

kataskinono (camp) ka - ata - aski - ino - ono

kanpadenda - atalgabeko - askiki - inon - onon
tent - simple - adequate - some place/spot - wonderful
"A simple but adequate tent in some wonderful spot"

 

kathethrikos naos (cathedral)

ka - at. - .he - et. - .h. - .ri - iko - os. >  na - a.o - os.
ka - ati - ihe - eto - ohi - iri - iko - os.
'   na - aho - os.
kanpaialdi - atxikitzaile - ihesleku - etorri - ohibezala - iritsi - iko - osakera  '   nabarmen - ahoeder - ospatu
ringing of bells - faithful - refuge - to come - as usual - to obtain - (verbal adj.) - healing  - to excel - eloquent - to glorify

"When the bells ring, the faithful come to the refuge as usual, to obtain healing.
They excel in eloquent glorifying"

 

katsika (goat) ka - at. - .si - ika

ka - ate - esi - ika
katetu - ateratu - esi - ikastobi
to chain - to take outside - fence - opening in the forest
"Chain (the goat) outside the fence in the forest opening"

 

keo (burn) ke - e.o

ketan - eho
smoking - to grind, rub
"Rub (until) it smokes"

 

khina (goose) k. - .hi - ina

ke - ehi - ina
-kera - ehizaldi - inauguratu
"Nesting season inaugurates the hunt"

 

khora (country) .k. - .ho - ora

ako - oho - ora
akorduan euki - ohorarazi - orain
to remember - to honor - always
"Remember to honor (it) always"

 

khrisos (gold) .k. - .h. - .ri - iso - os.

ka - aho - ori - iso - oso
kaldatu - ahoziritu - oribizi - isolamendu - osoilik
to smelt - to deceive - gold colored - secret place - simply
"Simply deceive by smelting the gold in a secret place"

 

kipos (garden) ki - ipo - os.

kimatsu - ipo - osasundun
full of sprouts - dwarf/small - healthy
"It is full of healthy small sprouts"

 

kithara (guitar) ki - it. - .ha - ara

ki - itu - uha - ara
kitzikatu - itun - uhain - arrantza egin
to provoke - sadness - wave - to weep
"It provokes a wave of sadness and weeping"


The Greek spelling of Aguitar@ tells us where this word really came from. It was not from Arab!

 

khivernisi (government) ki - ive - er. - .ni - isi

ki - ibe - era - ani - isi
kide - ibeni - eraberri - anitz - isilki
member - to introduce - reform - many - calmly
"The members calmly introduce many reforms"

 

khorevo (to dance) k. - .ho - ore - evo

ko - oho - ore - ebo
kolokari - ohoretu - orekatu - eboluzionatu
swinging - to celebrate - balance - to develop
"When celebrating while swinging you develop balance"

 

khoros (dance) k. - .ho - oro - os.

ko - oho - oro - ospe.
kolokari - ohoretu - oro - ospetsuki
swinging - to celebrate - all - in a stately manner
"All are celebrating and swinging in a stately manner"

 

khortari (grass) k. - .ho - or. - .ta - ari

ko - oho - ori - ita - ari
kokatu - oholtza - orri - itaitu - arrigarriki
to place - wooden rack - leaves - harvest with a scythe - marvelously
"Place the leaves, so marvelously harvested with a scythe, on the wooden rack"

 

kori (daughter) ko - ori

koskortu - oritu
to grow up/develop - to turn pale
"She is growing up and turning pale"

 

kosmos (crowd) ko - os. - .mo - os.

ko - oza - amo - osa
kontraekintza - ozar - amorratu - osatu
opposition - arrogant - furious - united
"The opposition was arrogant, furious and united"

 

ko=yenia (family)ko > je - eni - i.a

koipetsu - jendaki - eni - iharduki
adulatory/flattering - kinship - to/for me -to be busy with
"Flattering kinship for me to be busy with"

 

krevati (bed) k. - .re - eva - ati

ka - are - eba - ati
kargu hartu - are - ebatura - atxikitzaile
take care of - his/her - surgery/wound - faithfully
"Take care of his wound faithfully"

 

labyrinth (labyrinth), la - abi - iri - in. - .t. - .h.

la - abi - iri - inu - uti - ihe
larde izan - abiadan - irrikitan - inular - utikan - ihesegin
to be afraid - fast - anxious - sunset - to get out - to escape
"I am afraid and anxious to get out fast and escape at sunset"

 

lemoni (lemon) .le - emo - oni

ale - emo - oni
ale - emankor - onizan
fruit - prolific - useful
"Prolific and useful fruit"

 

lexicon (speech) le - ek. - .si - iko - on.

le - eka - asi - iko - onu
lenbiziko - ekarpen - asierako - -iko - onuratsu
initial - contribution - elementary - that - useful
"Initial elementary contribution that is useful"

 

makria (far) ma - ak. - .ri - i.a

ma - aka - ari - iha
marineleria - akabu - arriskuan egon - ihardun
fishermen - the far end - to be surrounded by danger - to spend time
"At the far end our fishermen spend their time, surrounded by danger"

 

mera (day) me - era

mementoan - errainuketa
in a moment - sunlight
"In a moment we=ll have sunlight"

 

miga (fly) mi - iga

minkor - igarokabe
offensive - intollerable
"Offensive and intolerable"

 

moro (baby) mo - oro

morkona - orrokatu
dirty/soiled - to scream/to cry
"When soiled it cries"

 

onomatopoiia (onomatopoeia)

ono - oma - ato - opo - o.i - i.i - ia
ono - oma - ato - opo - oi - ihi - ia
onon - oma - atondu - opor - oinordetzia - ihite - ia
wonderful - grandma - to arrange - time off - inheritance - resemblance - almost/close
"Our wonderful grandma arranged in her spare time 


an inheritance of close resemblance"

oreos (fine weather) ore - os.

oreka - osoro
stable - perfectly
"Perfectly stable (weather)@.

 

paralia (beach) pa - ara - ali - ia

pantoka - arrastakatu - alik - ihartu
forward part of the boat - to drag - possible - to dry out
"If possible drag up the forward part of the boat to dry out"

 

pirkaya (fire) pi - ir. - ka - aia

pi - ira - aka - aia
pinu orri - irazeki - akabu - aiaia
pine branches - to ignite - death - sorrow
"Igniting the pine branches (causes) death and sorrow"

 

plio (passenger boat) p. - .lio

pi - ilio
pisugain - iljo
overloaded - death knell
"Being overloaded is a death knell@.

 

poli kalitera (much better)

po - oli     ka - ali - ite - era
poto - oli     kalipu - alizan - itegun - eraspen
container - olive oil     vitality - to be capable of - work performed - devotion
"A container full of olive oil. (It is) capable of (giving) vitality and devotion to the work performed"

 

porneia (fornication), .po - or. - .ne - eia

apo - ora  '  ne - ia
apokeria - orraztu  '  neskaso - iarduki
filthy deed - to despoil  '  virgin - to resist
"It is a filthy deed to despoil a resisting virgin"

 

pothi (leg) po - ot. - .hi

po - ota - ahi
pot egin - otalurmendiak - ahitzinatu
to tire out - wild mountains - to make progress
"It is tiring to make progress in the wild mountains"

 

proethros (president) p. - .ro - et. - .h - .ro - os.

pa - aro - eti - iha - aro - oso
pakegile - arro - etika - iharduki - aro - osoki
peacemaker - proud - ethical issue - to discuss - time for - thoroughly
"Proud peacemaker who has time to thoroughly discuss ethical issues"

 

protomi (bust) p. - .ro - oto - omi

po - oro - oto - omi
porrokatu - oroitarri - otoikatu - omia saindu
to destroy - monument - to pray to - hallowmass
"Destroy the monument (the pagans) pray to at hallowmass"

 

psilos (flea) p. - .si - ilo - os.

pa - asi - ilo - osa
pairaezin - asikidura - ilordu - osasungabe
unbearable - to bite - agony - sickness
"Unbearable bites cause agony and sickness"

 

sika (figs) si - ika

siku - ikaza
dry - place of the fig trees
"Dried figs"

 

sinkharitiria (congratulations)

si - in. - .k. - .ha - ari - iti - iri - ia
si - ina - aka - aha - ari - iti - iri - ia
sineskuntza - inauguratu - akatsgabeko - ahalguzti - arrigarri - itxi - irri - iaio
with reverence- to introduce - pure- almighty- marvelous- to permit- laughter-cheerful
"With reverence he introduced the pure and marvelous Almighty who permits cheerful laughter"

 

skotinos (dark) .sko - oti - ino - os.

oskorri - otzikaratu - inolaz - oztasun
daybreak - to shiver - somehow - coldness
"It is daybreak and somehow I am shivering from coldness"

 

soma (body) so - oma

soin - oma
bosom - grandma
"Grandma=s bosom"

 

tebelis (lazy) te - ebe - eli - is.

tentakari - ebertar - elizkoi - isekatu
tempting - Jew - pious - to ridicule
"It is tempting to ridicule the pious Jew"

 

thanatos (death) t. - .h. - ana - ato - os.

ta - aha - ana - ato - osa
talkan - ahalkegabe - anaihiltzaile - ator - osalari
blow on the head - bold - one who murders his brother - to come - doctor
"He was murdered by a bold blow on the head from his brother. Doctor come!"

 

thriskia (religion) .t. - .h. - .ri - is. - .ki - ia

ita - aha - ari - isu - uki - ia
itxarokizun - ahalgustidun - -ari - isuri - ukitu - iaio
to have faith in - Almighty - mission - to inspire - to touch - cheerful
"We have faith in the Almighty and in our mission to inspire with a cheerful touch"

 

timios (honest) .ti - imi - os.

eti - imi - oso
etikoa - imintzio - osotasun
ethical - gesture - integrity
"Ethical gesture of integrity"

 

trofiki (food poisoning) t. - .ro - ofi - ki

te - ero - obi - -ki
tentaketa - erori - obiratze - -ki
temptation - to succomb - burying - piece of meat
"He succumbed to the temptation of the meat and was buried"

 

vivliothiki (library) .vi - iv. - .li - ot. - .hi - iki

.bi - ib. - .li - ot. - .hi - iki
abi - ibe - eli - oto - ohi - iki
abiatu - ibeni - elizlegedi - otoi - ohitu - ikasbide
to begin - to introduce - collection of church laws - please - to get used to - doctrine
"We begin by introducing the collection of church laws so please get used to the doctrine"

 

yefira (bridge) ye > fi -ira

je '   fi - ira
jeinutsu
>    finkatu - iragaile
ingenious  '  to establish/build - crossing
"(He) built an ingenious crossing"

 

yimnasterio (gym) ji - im. - .na - as. - .te - eri - o

ji - imi - ina - asa - ate - erri - o
jipoitu - imitagarri - inarroskatu - asaldaketa - atezu - erri - oh!
to strike/hit - exemplary - to stir up - excitement - tension - public - oh!
"An exemplary strike stirred up excitement and tension among the public; oh!"

 

zevgari (couple) ze - eb. - .ga - ari

ze - ebe - ega - ari
zentzudun - ebertar - egape - arrisku
sensible/prudent - patriarchal - protection - danger
"Sensible patriarchal protection from danger"

 

 

CONCLUSION

 

          The above Greek words decoded via Basque and translated into English, leave little doubt that the Greek language was the product of intelligent design by linguists. They used the vocabulary of an early form of the Saharan/Basque Language in the invention process.

 

 

     Bibliography